The model developed helps in design of such systems. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Refrigeration and air conditioner equipment to move heat from one place to another in refrigerant cycles. Lecture 11 vapour compression refrigeration systems. Vapour compression refrigeration is the primary method to provide mechanical cooling. The compressor hvac refrigeration in a typical hvac air conditioner or heat pump, there are four major components that make the process of refrigeration work. Modeling and investigation of refrigeration system. All vapor compression systems consist of the following four basic components alongwith the interconnecting piping. Refrigeration may be defined as a process of removing heat from a substance and pumping it to the surroundings. Dec 31, 2016 vapour compression refrigeration system 1. Modeling and investigation of refrigeration system performance with twophase fluid injection in a scroll compressor rui gu marquette university, 2016 vapor compression cycles are widely used in heating, refrigerating and airconditioning. Mar 15, 2020 vapor compression refrigeration is a refrigeration system that uses a circulating liquid refrigerant to absorb and remove heat from a space that needs cooling. Identify possible compression concepts for use in miniature. A miniature vapor compression system could be used in any high power density electronics application, including workstations and servers.
System description the layout of the system is shown in figure 1. Performance analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system. Lecture 10 vapour compression refrigeration systems. The design is to be based upon the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle, with four components. While vapor compression technologies have served heating, ventilation, and airconditioning hvac needs very effectively, and have been the dominant hvac technology for close to 100 years, the conventional refrigerants used in vapor compression equipment contribute to global climate change when released to the atmosphere. Performance evaluation of vapour compression refrigeration. How an expansion valve works exactly physically speaking. The evaporating temperature is 25 oc and condensing temperature 47 oc. This is an important advantage as against the conventional vapour251compression system which operates on high grade energy. Thermodynamicsbased optimization and control of vaporcompression cycle operation. Multistage vapour compression refrigeration example1 two stage compression system with water intercooler uses r4a as shown in figure1. Based on these analyses, we developed estimates for unit energy savings over baseline vapor compression systems and identified relevant markets for each technology option e. The cooling load is total heat energy that must be removed from a given space in order to lower the temperature to a desired level. Vapor compression refrigeration, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles.
Thermodynamicsbased optimization and control of vapor. One of the common refrigeration systems in use today is the vapor compression cycle. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration system components. Fluid retrofit for existing vapor compression refrigeration. Vapour compression refrigeration or vapor compression refrigeration system vcrs, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles. Since jacob perkins ice machine built in 1834, vapor compression refrigeration cycle vcrc has been in service of human beings. Jan 25, 2008 lecture 10 vapour compression refrigeration systems nptelhrd. In many hvac air conditioner and heat pump applications, the process of refrigeration or the vapor compression cycle is what makes it work. This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression refrigeration system using r22 as refrigerant. R290 and r600a offer many desirable characteristics such as low operating pressure, mass flow rate and discharge. Understand the basic principles of refrigeration and air conditioning, 2. In this system, the working substance is a refrigerant like nh 3, r11, r12. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, largescale warehouses for.
Enhancement of cop of vapour compression refrigeration. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. On completion of this course, students should be able to 1. The first component in the process is a compressor or the heart of an air conditioner or heat pump system. The use of hc refrigerant mixtures has been a topic of current research in view of the concerns related to global warming and ozone depletion. Development of a miniature vapor compression refrigeration. Each stage operates on an ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle. This work provides an economic comparison between a vapor compression refrigeration system powered by a photovoltaic array and a vapor absorption refrigeration system powered by a solar thermal unit. Request pdf development of a miniature vapor compression refrigeration system for electronic cooling computer chips have generally been cooled by means of a heat sinkfan device. Typical vapor compression systems can be represented as shown in figure. While this study focused on spaceconditioning applications, many of the technologies investigated are potentially applicable to refrigeration applications as well. The refrigeration capacity is 8 tr and the compression is adiabatic reversible process. A vapor compression heat pump testrig is used as an example.
The refrigeration lab was conducted to gain a better understanding of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle and to compare the ideal cycle with a real cycle. Vapourcompression refrigeration or vaporcompression refrigeration system vcrs, in which. Heat pumps are devices that operate in a cycle similar to the vapor compression refrigerator cycle illustrated in figure 1 in its most basic form, a vapor compression refrigeration system see van wylen 1985 consists of an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device which is usually an expansion valve or capillary tube and the connecting tubing. Figure 56 shows the increase in refrigeration capacity area under 47 and decrease in compressor work 2265. A diagram of a typical vapor compression refrigeration cycle can be superimposed on a pressureenthalpy ph chart to demonstrate the function of each component in the system. Vapor compression using electrically driven compressors has become the dominant hvac technology due to its scalability, reliability, nontoxic and nonfiammable refrig erants, use of electricity, and relatively compact size. It also includes the process of maintaining and reducing the temperature of a body below the general temperature of its surroundings. Vapor compression refrigeration hvacr heat pumps air. A slight performance improvement in the components of a vapor. Vapour compression refrigeratin system schematic vc refrigeration cycle. In compression refrigeration systems such as air conditioning, chiller, split unit, which the refrigerant gas compression is used for cooling, the.
Vapor compression refrigeration or vapor compression refrigeration system vcrs, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles. Obviously it is not possible in the natural manner because heat flows from high. Thermodynamic analysis of r422 series refrigerants as alternative. In a vapor compression refrigeration system i would like to understand the following. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working. A vaporcompression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant 4a as the working fluid operates with an evaporator temperature of 50f and a condenser pressure of 180 lbfin. It is used for all industrial purposes from a small domestic refrigerator to a big air conditioning plant. Fault detection in compression refrigeration system with a fixed. This paper investigates multiple degree of freedom mdof optimization of steadystate vaporcompression cycle vcc operation. Optimization criteria neera jain, student member, ieee, andrew g. Investigation of compression refrigeration systems, the most frequently used system in refrigeration. The vapour compression refrigeration system is nowadays used for all purpose refrigeration. It can be used whenever a refrigeration or airconditioning requirement occurs.
Commercial industry storing purified or manufactured gases in a small volume, high pressure cylinders for medical, welding and other. We want to design a vapor compression refrigeration cycle to absorb heat from a cool environment and reject it to a warm environment. Gas turbine systems to compress the intake combustion air. A common unit of cooling load is ton of refrigeration 1 ton of refrigeration 288,000 btu24 hr 303,852 kj24 hr. The vapour compression cycle which is used in vapour compression refrigeration system is nowadays used for all purpose refrigeration. The process of refrigeration uses the vapor compression refrigeration cycle to move heat from one place to another. Analyze air refrigeration systems, vapor compression refrigeration systems, vapour absorption refrigeration systems, and steam jet refrigeration systems 3. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working, parts of system, advantages, and disadvantages introduction. Review of vapour absorption refrigeration and vapour. Twostage compression cycle with one evaporator and intercooling with flash gas 53. Dec 01, 2016 page 5 of practical vapour compression refrigeration cycle in practice the reverse carnot cycle is adjusted to the vapour compression refrigeration cycle shown below in figure 3. Simple vapour compression refrigeration system departmen of mechanical engineerin lecture16 simple vapour compression refrigeration system a vapour compression refrigeration system is an improved type of air refrigeration system in which a suitable working substance, termed as refrigerant is used. Thermoelectric refrigeration, where refrigeration is produced by the passage of electric current through two dissimilar materials. The working fluid is a refrigerant that suits the high and low temperature reservoirs temperatures.
Layout of the r22 vapour compression refrigeration system. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle case of the heat pump the heat emitted is utilised where in the case of a refrigeration system the amount of absorbed heat is beneficial. Thermodynamic analysis of r422 series refrigerants as alternative refrigerants to hcfc22 in a vapour compression refrigeration system. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle engineering essay. In gas cycles, heat rejection and refrigeration take place as the gas undergoes sensible cooling and heating. The most commonly used system for industrial and commercial refrigeration is the vapour. Both a steadystate and a transient simulation will be considered. In any refrigeration process, heat is transferred from one region to another with the aid of an external agent. The vapour compression refrigeration system is by far the most popular and widely used system in refrigeration and air conditioning bot for industrial and domestic applications. Twostage compression cycle with one evaporator and intercooler with water 51. Vapour absorption system vapour absorption system is an attractive method for utilizing low grade energy directly for cooling.
Vaporcompression refrigeration wikipedia republished wiki 2. During the working of a vapour compression refrigeration it consists of four processes. Development of vapour compression refrigeration cycle a k bajpai 1 and vivek dwivedi 2 it will be possible only if heat is transferred from the low temperature region to a high temperature region. Cant the saturated vapor from the evaporator be cooled directly in the condenser. For a decade, due to the tendency of miniaturization in technology, an effort to produce this. How vaporcompression cooling works electronics cooling. Jul 21, 2017 vapor compression cooling can be found in virtually any home, such as in air conditioners that remove heat from our homes and in refrigerators that store our food.
It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, largescale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. Twostage compression cycle with one evaporator and intercoolerflash tank 55. The history of vapor compression goes back to 1805 where oliver evans, an american inventor, described a closed vapor compression refrigeration cycle for producing ice.
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